The challenge
Create a function that takes a Roman numeral as its argument and returns its value as a numeric decimal integer. You don’t need to validate the form of the Roman numeral.
Modern Roman numerals are written by expressing each decimal digit of the number to be encoded separately, starting with the leftmost digit and skipping any 0s. So 1990 is rendered “MCMXC” (1000 = M, 900 = CM, 90 = XC) and 2008 is rendered “MMVIII” (2000 = MM, 8 = VIII). The Roman numeral for 1666, “MDCLXVI”, uses each letter in descending order.
Example:
// should return 21
solution('XXI');
Help:
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1,000
The solution in Golang
Option 1:
package solution
var decoder = map[rune]int {
'I': 1,
'V': 5,
'X': 10,
'L': 50,
'C': 100,
'D': 500,
'M': 1000,
}
func Decode(roman string) int {
if len(roman) == 0 { return 0 }
first := decoder[rune(roman[0])]
if len(roman) == 1 { return first }
next := decoder[rune(roman[1])]
if next > first { return (next - first) + Decode(roman[2:]) }
return first + Decode(roman[1:])
}
Option 2:
package solution
func Decode(roman string) int {
var sum int
var Roman = map[byte] int {'I':1, 'V':5, 'X':10, 'L':50, 'C':100, 'D':500, 'M':1000,}
for k, v := range roman {
if k < len(roman) - 1 && Roman[byte(roman[k + 1])] > Roman[byte(roman[k])] {
sum -= Roman[byte(v)]
} else {
sum += Roman[byte(v)]
}
}
return sum
}
Option 3:
package solution
func Decode(roman string) int {
translateRoman := map[byte]int{'I': 1, 'V': 5, 'X': 10, 'L': 50, 'C': 100, 'D': 500, 'M': 1000}
var decNum, tmpNum int
for i := len(roman) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
romanDigit := roman[i]
decDigit := translateRoman[romanDigit]
if decDigit < tmpNum {
decNum -= decDigit
} else {
decNum += decDigit
tmpNum = decDigit
}
}
return decNum
}
Test cases to validate our solution
package solution_test
import (
. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
)
var _ = Describe("test roman to decimal converter", func() {
It("should give decimal number from roman", func() {
Expect(Decode("XXI")).To(Equal(21))
})
It("should give decimal number from roman", func() {
Expect(Decode("I")).To(Equal(1))
})
It("should give decimal number from roman", func() {
Expect(Decode("IV")).To(Equal(4))
})
It("should give decimal number from roman", func() {
Expect(Decode("MMVIII")).To(Equal(2008))
})
It("should give decimal number from roman", func() {
Expect(Decode("MDCLXVI")).To(Equal(1666))
})
})
